Prostate Cancer: Are You Aware of These Risk Factors?
By Dr. David Samadi
Prostate cancer is a complex disease involving a multitude of risk factors, ranging from genetics to lifestyle habits. While no one can predict with certainty who will develop the disease, understanding the risk factors helps men know what to be aware of and to prioritize screenings, and make informed choices to lower their risk.
Why Understanding Risk Factors Matters
Being aware of the risk factors for prostate cancer doesn’t mean you can eliminate the risk entirely. Instead, it helps highlight areas within your control and those that require vigilance. For example, while you can’t change your age or family history, you can adopt healthier habits that may reduce your likelihood of developing the disease. Remember, having one or more risk factors doesn’t guarantee you’ll develop prostate cancer, and some men with no known risk factors may still be diagnosed.
Top Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer
Here’s a breakdown of the most significant prostate cancer risk factors:
1. Age
Once men reach age 50 and older, their prostate cancer risk increases. It’s uncommon in men under 40 but becomes more prevalent after midlife, with the majority of cases diagnosed in men over 65. Regular prostate health checkups become increasingly important with age.
2. Race and Ethnicity
African American men and those with Caribbean heritage face a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than men of other racial groups. They are also more likely to experience aggressive forms of the disease. In contrast, Asian-American and Hispanic/Latino men have lower rates of prostate cancer. It is not fully understood why these men have these disparities but it’s possible genetic and environmental factors may be involved.
3. Geography
Where you live can also play a role. Prostate cancer is more common in North America, northern Europe, and Australia compared to Asia, Africa, and Central/South America. Differences in diet, lifestyle, and healthcare access are thought to contribute to these regional variations.
4. Family History
Men with close relatives—especially a father or brother—who have had prostate cancer are at greater risk. This risk is even higher if multiple family members were diagnosed or if the disease occurred at a younger age.
5. Genetic Factors
Certain inherited gene mutations, like BRCA1, BRCA2, or those associated with Lynch syndrome, are linked to a higher likelihood of prostate cancer. Genetic counseling may help assess and manage risk if there’s a family history of cancer.
6. Diet and Nutrition
Men consuming high intakes of red meat, high-fat dairy, or excessive calcium may contribute to prostate cancer risk. Conversely, diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats may provide protective benefits. Striving for balance in your diet supports overall health and may reduce cancer risk.
7. Weight and Obesity
Aggressive forms of prostate cancer have been linked to excess body weight. That’s why it’s critical men maintain a healthy body weight by prioritizing healthy eating and regular exercise.
8. Physical Activity
Staying active can significantly reduce prostate cancer risk. Men engaging in moderate to vigorous exercise regularly experience up to a 50% lower chance of developing prostate cancer. Even lighter exercise routines offer benefits.
9. Exposure to Harmful Chemicals
Exposure to certain chemicals, like Agent Orange used during the Vietnam War, has been associated with an elevated risk of prostate cancer. Veterans or others with known chemical exposure should discuss their risk with their healthcare provider.
10. Smoking
Smoking has long been associated with various cancers, and emerging research suggests it may slightly increase the risk of prostate cancer. Quitting smoking improves overall health and may lower cancer risk.
What You Can Do
Being proactive about your health is essential. Discussions with your doctor on how to stay consistent with recommended screenings, and adopt a healthy lifestyle to improve your overall well-being. As always, detecting prostate cancer early will have a significant impact in managing the disease effectively.
Dr. David Samadi is the Director of Men’s Health and Urologic Oncology at St. Francis Hospital in Long Island. He’s a renowned and highly successful board certified Urologic Oncologist Expert and Robotic Surgeon in New York City, regarded as one of the leading prostate surgeons in the U.S., with a vast expertise in prostate cancer treatment and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy. Dr. Samadi is a medical contributor to NewsMax TV and is also the author of two books, Prostate Cancer Now What? A Practical Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Recovery and The Ultimate MANual, Dr. Samadi’s Guide to Men’s Health and Wellness, available online both on Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Visit Dr. Samadi’s websites at robotic oncolo gy and prostate cancer 911.