How to Safeguard Your Health Against Orchitis

By Dr. David Samadi

Orchitis might not be a term you use in everyday conversation, and that’s perfectly fine—but it’s crucial to understand what it is, as it can affect any man at any age. Orchitis refers to the inflammation of one or both testicles, usually caused by an infection, either bacterial or viral. While it’s not the most commonly discussed condition, it’s something every man should be aware of for his health and comfort, empowering you with the knowledge to take control of your health.

What Is Orchitis and How Does It Happen?

Orchitis typically occurs when an infection spreads to the testicles, often through the bloodstream from other body parts. In some cases, it may follow an infection of the epididymis—a long, coiled tube that sits above and behind each testicle. The epididymis plays a vital role in storing and maturing sperm the testicles produce. When this area becomes infected, the inflammation can spread to the testicles, resulting in Orchitis. This is because the epididymis is a key part of the male reproductive system, and any infection there can easily spread to the testicles.

Signs You Might Have Orchitis

The symptoms of Orchitis can vary, but here are the most common signs to watch out for:

• Swelling, tenderness, or a sensation of “heaviness” in the scrotum or one or both testicles
• Sharp or dull pain in the testicles, which may intensify during straining or bowel movements
• Fever
• Painful urination, discomfort during sexual activity, or pain during ejaculation
• Unusual discharge from the penis
• Presence of blood in the semen

If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s crucial to see a healthcare professional immediately to avoid complications. This urgency underscores the seriousness of Orchitis and the need for prompt medical attention.

What Causes Orchitis?

Both bacterial and viral infections can trigger Orchitis. Some common causes include:

• Bacterial infections: Conditions like prostate infections or epididymitis can lead to Orchitis. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus are often responsible.
• Mumps virus: While mumps are primarily associated with children, they can also affect adult men. Around one-third of boys who contract mumps develop Orchitis, which can lead to testicular atrophy or shrinking of the testicles in some cases.
• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): Gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis can also lead to Orchitis. Men who engage in high-risk sexual behavior, such as unprotected sex or having multiple sexual partners, are at greater risk of contracting these infections.

How Is Orchitis Treated?

The treatment for Orchitis largely depends on whether a bacterial or viral infection causes it. Regardless of the cause, seeking medical attention immediately is essential if you suspect Orchitis. The good news is that in many cases, Orchitis responds well to antibiotics, offering hope for effective treatment and recovery.

Diagnostic tests may include an ultrasound to distinguish between Orchitis, which is an inflammation of the testicles, and other conditions like testicular torsion, which is a sudden and severe twisting of the testicles that requires immediate medical attention. A healthcare professional may order a rectal exam performed to check if the infection has spread to the prostate. Additionally, a urine test can help detect STDs or other bacterial infections, and blood tests may be conducted to check for syphilis or HIV.

Common treatments for Orchitis may include:

• Antibiotics: Typically prescribed for 10-14 days, although longer courses may be needed if the prostate is involved. Some antibiotics include ceftriaxone, doxycycline, azithromycin, or ciprofloxacin.
• Hospitalization: In severe cases where a man has a high fever, is vomiting, or is very ill, he may need to be admitted to the hospital for intravenous (IV) antibiotics.
• Treating sexual partners: If an STD is the cause of the Orchitis, all sexual partners must be treated as well to prevent reinfection.

Can Orchitis Be Prevented?

Fortunately, men can take certain steps to reduce their risk of Orchitis:

• Vaccination: Ensuring that boys are immunized against mumps can help prevent Orchitis caused by this virus.
• Safer sexual practices: Avoid high-risk sexual activities that increase your chances of contracting STDs. Using condoms during sexual activity can provide an extra layer of protection.
• Regular check-ups: For sexually active men, routine screening for STDs can help catch infections early and prevent complications like Orchitis.

In conclusion, while Orchitis may not be a term most men are familiar with, it’s important to recognize its causes, symptoms, and potential treatments. Taking proactive steps to protect yourself from infection and seeking prompt medical attention, when necessary, can ensure that Orchitis doesn’t lead to long-term health issues. Your health matters—don’t hesitate to take action if you notice any concerning symptoms.

Dr. David Samadi is the Director of Men’s Health and Urologic Oncology at St. Francis Hospital in Long Island. He’s a renowned and highly successful board-certified Urologic Oncologist Expert and Robotic Surgeon in New York City, regarded as one of the leading prostate surgeons in the U.S., with a vast expertise in prostate cancer treatment and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy.  Dr. Samadi is a medical contributor to NewsMax TV and is also the author of two books, The Ultimate MANual, Dr. Samadi’s Guide to Men’s Health and Wellness, and Prostate Cancer, Now What? A Practical Guide to Treatment, Diagnosis, and Recovery, both available online both on Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Visit Dr. Samadi’s websites at robotic oncology and prostate cancer 911.